Self-Adjustable Eyeglass Lenses

In developed countries, getting glasses is a simple matter: Visit an optometrist, get a prescription and have it filled at a corner store. Not so in the developing world, where there are few optometrists and little money for luxuries like eyeglasses.

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Enter Joshua Silver, an atomic physicist at Oxford with a penchant for tinkering. “I like to experiment,” he said. “Take things apart and figure out how they work.”

In the 1980s, he began a do-it-yourself project making lenses whose focusing power could be changed by the user. He designed and built a liquid-filled packet made of two flexible transparent membranes — a liquid lens. Adding or draining liquid changes the curvature, making the lens stronger or weaker.

“I realized after a few months that I could make a very good lens — good optically, but not for glasses,” Dr. Silver said. “I started some dialogue with the World Health Organization and found the director of the program for the prevention of blindness. I asked him how many people in the world needed glasses and don’t have them. He said it was about a billion.”

Working with a British government grant, Dr. Silver developed a practical pair of adjustable eyeglasses. The two lenses are filled with clear silicone fluid, and there is a dial on each arm. The user puts on the glasses and then twists each dial until vision in both eyes is satisfactory.

The glasses do not correct for astigmatism, Dr. Silver said. “Many people, if you just correct their spherical refractive error, you get vision good enough to function.”

The glasses are not beautiful. The thick frames resemble those worn by Jean-Paul Sartre. But the dial and pump can be removed after adjustment. More than 30,000 pairs are in use by adults worldwide, and a study financed by the World Bank is testing a version for use by teenagers.

Dr. Silver is director of the Center for Vision in the Developing World, and his goal is to see a billion people wearing the eyeglasses they need by 2020. “We are trying to reduce the cost both by design and increased volume,” he said. NICHOLAS BAKALAR

Cosmetics—the Possible Cause of Eye Diseases

Nowadays, when you walk around the street, you may always come across many beautiful ladies or girls who decorating themselves with cosmetics. Most of them believe that it will add up to their charm by paint eyebrows, shade eyes, and wear lipstick. As a matter of fact, cosmetics in the market of now may get contaminated more or less in the process of producing and promoting. Therefore, it is hoped that every lady or girl who is fond of making up should not forget the eyes' health problem when trying to pursue the beauty.

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According to eye experts' introductions, there are four types of eye diseases that are rather popular. Among them, most cases are related to the stimulation from cosmetics to eyes, so these kinds of eye diseases are called cosmetics-caused eye diseases.

Fungal corneal disease

Some scholars from foreign countries through sample investigation confirmed that a great deal of fusarium solani could be found in the mascara. One piece of new mascara may be contaminated about 1.5 before it is used, but when it is put into use, the rate of being contaminated increases to about 60% which is several times higher than the original one. Fusarium solani causes fungal corneal disease easily, and even worse it will cause the lost of eye vision.

Mass Eye And Ear Expands South Shore ENT Practice

Mass. Eye and Ear is pleased to announce that Drs. David Kam, Cathy Chong, and Amee Dharia of the Weymouth based South Suburban Ear, Nose, Throat Associates have joined Mass. Eye and Ear's physician practice as part of the South Suburban Center of Otolaryngology, effective Dec. 1, 2011.

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Now known as Mass. Eye and Ear South, the combined practice boasts 10 physicians who will provide Mass. Eye and Ear's world-renowned care and surgery for conditions of the ear, nose, throat, head and neck. These physicians have joined current Mass Eye and Ear physicians Hani Ibrahim, M.D., Mass. Eye and Ear Medical Director Paul M. Konowitz, M.D., Peter N. Friedensohn, M.D., Alex Grilli, M.D., John Lazor, M.D., M.B.A., F.A.C..S, Mandana Namiranian, M.D., and Edward J. Reardon, M.D. They have offices in five locations including: Quincy, Weymouth, Milton, Duxbury and East Bridgewater. Additionally, they are also on staff at South Shore Hospital, Milton Hospital, Carney Hospital, and Quincy Hospital.

These Mass. Eye and Ear South physicians are all board certified otolaryngologists/head and neck surgeons, and several have completed specialty fellowships They care for both adult and pediatric patients with a range of conditions, including: ear and hearing disorders; chronic ear infections, adenoid and tonsil issues; medical and surgical treatment of sinus disease; taste and smell disorders, hoarseness and voice disorders, sleep apnea and snoring; allergy; surgical management of thyroid and parathyroid disease, and head and neck cancer.

Mass. Eye and Ear South physicians are directly affiliated with the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary. Founded in 1824, Mass. Eye and Ear is an independent specialty hospital providing patient care for disorders of the eye, ear, nose, throat, head and neck. Mass. Eye and Ear is an international leader in Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology research and a teaching partner of Harvard Medical School.

South Suburban Ear, Nose and Throat Specialists was founded in Weymouth by Drs. John O'Brien and David Rudolph in the 1970s. The group is proud to join Mass. Eye and Ear and looks forward to continuing to offer highest quality care for South Shore patients for many years to come.

Diabetic Eye Disease Overview

Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide, and, in the United States, it is the most common cause of blindness in people younger than 65 years of age.

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In addition to being a leading cause of blindness, diabetic eye disease encompasses a wide range of problems that can affect the eyes.

Diabetes mellitus may cause a reversible, temporary blurring of the vision, or it can cause a severe, permanent loss of vision.

Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of developing cataracts and glaucoma.

Some people may not even realize they have had diabetes mellitus for several years until they begin to experience problems with their eyes or vision. Severe diabetic eye disease most commonly develops in people who have had diabetes mellitus for many years and who have had little or poor control of their blood sugars over that period of time.

Diabetes mellitus may also result in heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and circulatory abnormalities of the legs.

The American Diabetes Association estimates that 20 million people in the United States have diabetes. One-third of this population is unaware of their illness. A recent change in the exact definitions of diabetes and "pre-diabetes" by an international expert committee leads to the estimate that an additional 41 million people in the United States (40% of adults aged 40-74 years) have "pre-diabetes," a condition that significantly increases their risk for developing diabetes.
This new definition underscores the importance for everyone to take steps to help prevent the development of this disease. Individuals can try to avoid the problems associated with diabetes mellitus, including those that affect the eyes, by taking appropriate care of themselves by:

Maintain a normal weight

Watch your diet, especially limiting unhealthy types of fats and substituting complex carbohydrates for simple carbohydrates.

Participate in an exercise program, performing at least 2 1/2 hours of aerobic exercise very week.

Do not smoke

Lifestyle management has been shown to reduce the risk of developing type II diabetes and pre-diabetes by at least two-thirds. It can also slow or halt the progression of pre-diabetes to diabetes.

If you or someone you know has already been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, the following steps should also be taken:

Monitor blood sugars and glycosylated hemoglobin. (The protein in the red blood cells that carry oxygen is called hemoglobin. Glycosylated hemoglobin is hemoglobin that has bonded to blood sugar.)

Take diabetes medications as prescribed by the healthcare provider.

How to treat eye infection

There are different forms of eye infection, but the most common form is bacterial conjunctivitis which is a disease caused by bacteria. These germs can come from upper respiratory area or patient skin and can be caught from another person with conjunctivitis. During this infection there is chewy discharge due to which the lid attaches together particularly when the person gets up after sleeping. A patient has redness; swelling and irritation in eye and it typically affect one eye and can be extended to the other eye.

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Another form of eye infection is viral conjunctivitis which is related to common clod and sore throat. Its indications include irritation, itching, watery discharge and redness. The disease starts on one eye but may spread to the other eye. Allergic conjunctivitis is an eye infection whose common causes are other allergic syndromes like asthma, eczema and hay fever. Pollen, dust particles or cosmetics are some reason of this conjunctivitis. Its symptoms include itching, increased production of tears and swollen eyelids and it generally affects both eyes. Chemical conjunctivitis happens if some acidic or alkali substance gets into the eye. Some people are at risk to smoke, gases and chemicals in swimming pools. Its indications include irritation, pain, redness and watering.


Eye infections can happen in any age group of patients. Some eye infections can increase to severe disorders. Most eye specialists treat eye diseases in a hostile way. People who have suffered eye surgery or eye injuries are at higher risk of disease and some eye ailments are highly infectious so if someone has infection and you come across such person you are at a greater risk of becoming infected.
We can avoid eye infections by many ways. These ways include washing hands before and after touching your face or eyes and Avoid rubbing the eyes as this can increase infection. Do not use eye makeup until eye disease is fully treated. Do not share eye makeup, pillows and towels. Do not recycle handkerchief instead use tissue when needed. Do not swim as swimming pool contains some chemicals that can damage eyes. When working with chemicals put on safety glasses. Keep your eyes away from dirty water and protect your eyes from wind and heat.

We can treat eye infection and pain by applying a clean cloth soaked in lukewarm water to your eye for five minutes every two hours. Flaxseed can treat swelling, irritation and pain of eye. For 15 minutes heat flaxseed in 4 ounces of water and put this warm solution on cloth and apply it on eyes three times a day. Another home treatment for eye infection is Chamomile. For 15 minutes heat 3 cups of chamomile in 2 cups of water and wash eye with this mixture three times a day. Rose water is one of the simplest and best treatments for eye infection. Dip cotton in rose water and apply it on your eye for 15 minutes. Aloe Vera juice is also effective for eye infection take some Aloe Vera juice dip cotton in it and place it on the eye for 15 minutes. Carrot juice is very healthy and useful for curing eye infection. One more home remedy for eye infection is Ginger. Heat small piece of ginger in water dip cotton in this solution and apply it on the eye for some time it gives relief from itching and irritation.


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